Language and Communication Skills - 2017 Words

Introduction All humans are born with a need to communicate. Language is the tool which allows them to do this. It begins very simply with crying sounds used to tell the parents how they are feeling and builds up quickly, by the age of 5 they can usually use a huge rane of words, put together in complex sentences to describe, question, discuss, express feelings etc. Language has to be learnt. All babies babble in some way, even deaf babies. Language development begins at birth – a new mothers first reaction when holding her baby is to hold her close to her chest and look directly into her face and talk to her. This is the surest way to give her baby the best start. The development of oral language is one of the child’s most natural†¦show more content†¦When a child uses their finger to point at something they are commonly making an assertion (â€Å"There’s my†), and when a child uses an open hand this is usually a request (â€Å"Can I have?†). According to Greenfield and Smith (1976), Bates (1976) and Lock (1980), the child learns ‘speech acts’ at the gestural stage. The child will also learn that intentions such as (assertions, requests, commands, etc) can be conveyed as signals and use non-verbal vocalisations to then communicate a message (a child’s whimper and a pointing finger at a cookie = â€Å"I want that cookie†). Lock hypothosised that the combinations of preverbal vocalisations and gestures prefigure the coming messages in simple one and two word sentences. As the child’s vocabulary develops, the vocalisations accompanying the gestures are increasingly verbal until the child’s language is sufficiently sophisticated to perform speech acts through speech alone. Though we should not forget that gestures remain an important part of human communication ar all stages of development, to prove this just watch the hands of any adult giving road directions. The child’s cries and other preverbal vocalisations are among the most obvious early communicative acts: parents are usually able to distinguish between cries of hunger, pain, tiredness etc. In about theShow MoreRelatedCommunication, Language, And Speech Skills1251 Words   |  6 Pagesactivities, partner activities, and use their words when something goes wrong, which are all ways to help develop communication, language, and speech skills. Parents can continue to help these skills develop at home by talking to their children, teaching them new words, and having them use their own words to ask for something. Overall, Addison s communication, language, and speech skills are almost where they need to be and parents need to focus on her using her words when something goes wrong andRead MoreCommunication Skills And Language Proficiency1546 Words   |  7 Pagesresult he has never learned to read or write in his native Macedonian language. AK speaks English at home with his moth er, but she has a very distinct accent, which does affect some of her pronunciation of English words. This has helped him develop conversational English language proficiency or Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) that are average for a fourth grader. However, he struggles with Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) and his writing reflects it. His BICS level ofRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Skills And Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency1608 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency from your own understanding (1’). †¢ Interpersonal communication skills, for me is the ability to speak to one another in a form that will allow us to exchange ideas, thoughts, information and emotions. If I had to explain this form of communication in one word I would say â€Å" Chat† this is because in a chat you are to swap and discuss a topic that is either important to you or the listener, or about somethingRead MoreHow the Areas of Speech, Language and Communication Skills Affect Areas of Development2554 Words   |  10 PagesIn this essay I will be talking about speech, language and communication skills and how they affect several areas of development. I will talk about the impact of speech, language and communication (SLC) difficulties and how adults can support children and extend their SLC. I will also talk about the positive effects of adult support and the different levels of speech and language between children entering an early year’s provision. 1.1 Speech means that someone is speaking out loud to inform someoneRead MoreEnglish Language : Communication Skills, Effective And Professional English Learning And Grammar1051 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish language: communication skills, Effective and professional English learning and grammar obstruction among Indian depressed class youth. Abstract The world has become global village most of the people are learning English around the world. Maximum percent of the people who are struggling to learn English language have made little success in their Endeavour to achieve their career goals. Making a sentence on phrase grammatical League is a tough job to a n glamour from the middle class especiallyRead MoreHow Infants Develop Their Language Or Communication Skills From The Way Their Parents Talk1556 Words   |  7 Pages touch and experience can have a lasting effect on us. For my controversy paper I will be discussing how infants develop their language or communication skills from the way their parents talk to them. While talking to a baby who may not be able to talk yet or does not even seem to be responding to you may seem silly. But it actually has a lasting effect on their language development. Even from when they are so small something as simple as talking to them can make a difference in their lives. ParentsRead MoreDevelo pmental Milestones : Physical, Cognitive, Social, Emotional, Language, And Nonverbal Communication Skills1769 Words   |  8 PagesA1: Developmental milestones describe physical skills or behaviors observed in children as they grow and develop at certain ages.1 These milestones include physical (gross and fine motor), cognitive, social, emotional, language and nonverbal communication skills. To ensure that children meet these developmental milestones, parents, early childhood and school teachers, general practitioners and pediatricians use checklists as a guide to ensure that children are roughly â€Å"on track† for their age.2Read MoreReading Between the Text Message Lines: How a Culture Becomes Dependent on Electronic Communication and Changes Language Skills Forever.1902 Words   |  8 Pageson electronic communication and changes language skills forever. They are everywhere, in schoolyards, high school halls, businesses and even our own homes and they are having an effect on our culture at this very minute. You may even be reading this on one right now. They are cell phones and more and more they are being used for more than just talking; they are being used to send e-mail, text, and instant messages. What originally started out as a way to have more communication in case of emergenciesRead MoreHow Social Media And Technology Is Changing The Way We Speak Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pageswrite. Language is important, it impacts the daily lives of people of any race or culture. Language help us communicate and express our feelings. We communicate with our words and gestures that interact with our everyday lives. Without language there would be no type of way we would be able to communicate with one another. Society would have a lack of understanding and communication. The use of language affect the way we speak, the way we write our language. Improper use of written language can alsoRead MoreEffective Communication Is Enhanced By Good Communication Skills1322 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication involves the exchange of ideas and thoughts between two or more people with the aim of conveying information. Effective communication is enhanced by good communication skills. Good communication skills are important in all walks of life because it enables people to interact and convey information in an effective manner. For example, a doctor requires good communication skills in order to get the needed information from a patient. Failure to portray good communication skills by the doctor

Summary Kindred Story - 1077 Words

Kindred Epilogue Rewrite As I ripped by arm from its plaster prison, I began to feel that strangely familiar sensation, the dizziness. No, it must have been from the pain. I must be delusional. I couldn’t be going back. It wasn’t possible. Rufus was dead. He was dead! I had seen him die with my own two eyes. I had killed him with my own two hands. I couldn’t be going back! He was dead! I came to and looked around at the eerily familiar landscape, but something was missing. The house. It was gone. I slowly walked towards the plantation that I had visited so many times before, and as I grew closer and closer, I saw something peculiar. What was a rock doing in the middle of an empty field? The field was empty except for a single tree, which†¦show more content†¦Poor, sweet Carrie had predicted this. Why hadn’t I listened? A single tear streamed down Carrie’s face. Where was Nigel? I looked slightly to the left, and I saw him. His shirt was badly torn, and bright red blood was running down his back. Not only was he injured, but he was also handcuffed. No. Was he being charged for the murder of Rufus? He couldn’t be, this was my fault. I had to do something. I began to take a step, and as my foot hit the ground, I heard the snap of a branch, and Joe fell into my arms. He seemed to have fallen from the tree, and I immediately realized that i t had been Joe who previously asked about my arm. â€Å"Joe, what are you doing here?† â€Å"Nothin’. I’m just watchin’. What’s goin’ on Dana?† he answered calmly. â€Å"Everything’s fine Joe,† I replied through tears, â€Å"Maybe you should go back inside.† â€Å"Why are you lying to me? If everything was fine, you wouldn’t be crying.† If I offered to walk him back to his house, he might be willing to go inside. â€Å"Let’s go Joe,† I muttered as I took his hand. I began to walk towards the front door, when I heard a shout. â€Å"Hey! We missed one. Where do you think you’re goin’? Get back here!† I hadn’t thought this through. I should’ve stayed hidden. I ran and ran until I clumsily tripped over the branch that had fallen from the tree. I fell to the ground, and my vision became blurry. I was going home. My eyelids fluttered open, and I stared into Kevin’s beautiful, pale eyes. â€Å"How long was I gone this time?†Show MoreRelatedEveryman1653 Words   |  7 PagesEveryman Liberty University Online English 102 i. Thesis/ Introduction ii. Summary of Characters and what they add to the play a. Messenger b. God c. Death d. Everyman e. Fellowship f. Kindred g. Cousin h. Goods i. Good Deeds j. Knowledge k. Confession l. Beauty m. Strength n. Discretion o. Five Wits (Senses) p. Angel q. Doctor iii. Perspective of Death rRead MoreEveryman Research Paper1584 Words   |  7 PagesThereafter, Everyman seeks to find a companion to go with him on the journey to give account of his life to God but to no avail, Everyman soon realizes that all of those who accompanied him on earth soon abandon him. Outline: i. Introduction ii. Summary of Allegorical Characters iii. Author’s Perception of Death iv. Conclusion i. Introduction â€Å"Everyman† is an English morality play and the author is unknown. This play first appeared in England in the 16th century. It is known to be early medievalRead MoreIn the Mist of A Storm: The Book of Ruth Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pagescomprehend the key characters that makeup the book of Ruth. Will also review what I believe to be their purpose for being intricately woven into this great revelation of Gods grace and mercy. The Characters of the book of Ruth The protagonist of this story, in my estimation is a woman of great beauty named Ruth. Her name can be translated as, â€Å"something worth looking at, a modern day Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬ . She was a hardworking, morally chaste women who displayed a since of safekeeping, which can be lucidly seenRead MoreThe Roles Of The Team Development And Ibarra And Hunter s Forms Of Networking Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pageseach other well and how to work together as a team, there was discomfort and confusion in the team. Icebreaker activities are important in the first team meeting in order to develop our relations (Higgins, 2014). We have short conversations to hear stories about our lives. This was a crucial starting point to have team cohesiveness. Defining the way how to reach this goal and group norms was also a major step in the early of teamwork. Through these activities, we understand each other, how to work togetherRead MoreContemporary Literature for Trees Can Speak and Miracle on St. Davi ds1920 Words   |  8 Pages Choose a pair of themed texts (one short story, one poem) from your booklet and complete the following sections: Write a short summary of the texts (1.1) Trees Can Speak - This is the story of two men who go on an adventure together into the Australian outback. One of the men (Joe) has elective mutism and therefore unable to speak and the other suffered from infant paralysis and doesnt have much use of his legs. They communicate non-verbally with the use of body language and the way Joe nodsRead More Sweetness And Power Essay1968 Words   |  8 Pageschapter one is the source of focus for the book, which is shown in this statement on page 5: Specifically, I am concerned with a single substance called sucrose, a kind of sugar extracted primarily from the sugar can, and with what became of it. The story can be summed up in a few sentences. In 1000 A.D., few Europeans knew of the existence of sucrose, or can sugar. But soon afterward they learned about it; by 1650, in England the nobility and the wealthy had become inveterate sugar eaters, and sugarRead MoreSweetness and Power2050 Words   |  9 Pageschapter one is the source of focus for the book, which is shown in this statement on page 5: Specifically, I am concerned with a single substance called sucrose, a kind of sugar extracted primarily from the sugar can, and with what became of it. The story can be summed up in a few sentences. In 1000 A.D., few Europeans knew of the existence of sucrose, or can sugar. But soon afterward they learned about it; by 1650, in England the nobility and the wealthy had become inveterate sugar eaters, and sugarRead More English Morality Play Everyman Essay2045 Words   |  9 PagesDeath sees people with any worldly goods or riches he will strike them down with his dart and then they will be sent to hell for eternity. Next Death says, â€Å"Except if Alms be his good friend†. The word â€Å"alms† basically means the act of good deeds. In summary, if someone were to have good deeds towards their name then that means that they will be saved from an eternity in hell. In the next â€Å"scene†, Death spots Everyman â€Å"finely dressed†. As Death approaches him, he begins to ask Everyman a number of questions;Read MoreIntroduction. Jane Eyre Written By Charlotte Bronte Is2043 Words   |  9 Pagesorphan, who never waits for any charity from her relatives. The state of poverty results in into a closure into a system of poverty. Which makes her an ideal orphan to the Victorian community, (Brontë, 2008)? At a glance, Jane appears to be a romantic story in which the destitute, orphaned superwoman gets a habitat and possessions at the end. But Jane can, at last, grow to be an acceptable child in the society. Bronte presents her to be an excellent moral character that escapes poverty through uprightRead MoreReview Of Timothy Findley s The Wars 2531 Words   |  11 Pagesallowed me to understand the book from a multitude of different contexts. I understand the book more so through the themes, each theme examines a different view of th e book and when analyzed to an in-depth extent The Wars is no longer a novel, but a story about the history of World War I. The note taking has allowed me to develop my thesis, in which I will use the themes of animals, four elements of life and importance of life as the premise to each of my body paragraphs. Issues that I have had during

A Picture Is worth A Thousand Words and Favorite Memory free essay sample

People say a picture is worth a thousand words. I know how true that saying actually is. A picture also brings back memories; whether good or bad. I have a picture of a couple of my friends and I from our senior year spring break. Spring break senior year is my favorite memory. I went on a cruise with a couple of my best guy friends and I had the best time of my life during this week. All the talk from the graduating class before me talked about how hype spring break was and I never thought it would be as good as they made it to be, but I was wrong. This cruise is my favorite memory because of multiple reasons. One because I got to spend it to spend it with my closest friends, and also because we got to go to multiple places through out the week instead of just staying at one resort. We will write a custom essay sample on A Picture Is worth A Thousand Words and Favorite Memory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was the very first time I ever went on a cruise, and I was pretty skeptical of it at first. On the actual boat we all went to the casino a lot, played basketball, went shopping at the shops on the island that the boat would stop at and swam on the rooftop pool. My favorite part of the day was the buffet meals, there was everything someone could dream of to eat. The very first night on the cruise we went to the casino. I had to ask my parents for money to use and all they kept telling me was â€Å"Do not blow all your money, be smart† â€Å"Ok whatever you say† I responded, thinking that wont happen. Every single day my friends and I wanted to go to the casino, it was so addicting. I realized after a couple of days that I should have listened to my parents because I ended up losing 120 dollars total. After I lost that much I knew I was done gambling. That is when I actually started to do other things, like actually hangout with all my friends and enjoy our time in the warm weather before going back to school. Something that I never thought that I would enjoy is the shopping part of the cruise. That was actually super fun because when we got off the boat right away the people of that island were there in little huts selling all their handmade items. I ended up buying a couple trinkets for my girlfriend and myself. It seems clichà © to say but as much as I had fun gambling and being on the cruise, I had more fun making memories with my friends. This vacation with my friends is my favorite memory. It was sort of the last thing we all could do together before we all went our separate ways in  college. At the time we took it for granite, but looking back on this vacation made me grateful for being able to spend my senior spring break on vacation, and let alone with my friends. Now that we all are in different parts of the state, all we have the memories we made together until new ones are made. A picture is worth more then words, its worth all the memories.

Pqhrm Module 12 Case Study Essay Example

Pqhrm Module 12 Case Study Essay This case study was done as a requirement of Professional Qualification in Human Resource Management, Stage 02. I am highly grateful to Mr. C Gannile for his guidance as well as for providing necessary information, which help me in completion of this case study. My thanks and appreciations go to my colleagues who have helped me out with their abilities. Content 1. Acknowledgement 2. Content 3. Executive Summary 4. Inroduction 5. Problem Analysing and Solutions 6. References Executive Summary Principles are fundamental  norms,  rules, or  values  that  represent  what is desirable and positive for a  person,  group,  organization, or  community, and help it in determining the rightfulness or wrongfulness of its  actions. This alakkaty foundation is rurrning only on morals and principles. In todays world it is bit difficult task to train and create such culture in whateve rthe Orgazination. But according the case study we can see that it is very successful and they are operating well for last 15 years. Basically, thiese principles and morals should comes from intrinsically. And the advantage of that is, once the people get used to that kind of culture they refrain doing wrong and whatever the difficulty comes , they try to do the work in a correct path way. So the counselling and mentoring will help a lot for create such mentality and attittude withing the people. Introduction We will write a custom essay sample on Pqhrm Module 12 Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pqhrm Module 12 Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pqhrm Module 12 Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Chairman of Alakkaty foundation – AF, Chennai was a former Accountant in a multi- national building construction company where it was believed that, like many other organizations, bribery, corruption and underhand dealing are all a part of a running a business. But he decided that Alakkaty, also a construction company, will be different, running only on morals and principles such as: * Virtue, the morale excellence evidence in my life as I consistently do what is right – No bribes or incentives of any sort was offered to anyone in any organization to be successful in securing the tenders or anything else. Therefore, their overheads were minimal. With a reasonable profit margin, their pricing became very competitive. They never advertise their services as customers do the advertising for them by word of mouth. * Benevolence, giving to others basic needs without having as my motive personal reward – He realized that his workers build shelter for others but they themselves, the majority of them , were without a roof above their heads, surviving on pavements and in make-shift shanties. The company started building flats for the employees who do not have a proper home. Responsibility, knowing and doing what is expected of me; Discernment, understanding the deeper reasons why things happen; and Sensitivity, perceiving the true attitudes and emotions of those around me – No employee was ever terminated for whatever reasoning AF. The labourers include alcoholics, drug addicts, pimps, gamblers, crooks and the like. Such people, when discovered after recruitment, were all subjecte d to intensive counselling, in extreme cases, even extended to family members. Such counselling was steeres by a committee headed by the Chairman himself. If I recruited someone because he seemed good to me and thereafter he became bad, I can get rid my headache by firing the person but it certainly does not absolve me from my responsibility, as I made the mistake in the first place† Alakkaty has been in operations for over 15 years and five years ago it was made into a public quoted company as it achieved significant business success. This is evidence that it is possible for an organization to be a company of character and operate fully on morals and principles and still be successful and achieve its objectives. Analysis 01. By analysing the given case study ,YES, I feel that an organization can run based on principles amp; it could be succesful to a considerable extend. In Today’s highly competitive bussiness world, there are different different organizations, in differennt different industries and those will have different different cultures. This Alakkaty Foundation was an Organization with a culture which admires amp; promote the morals amp; principles. What is an Organizational Culture ? Morals amp; Principles? We can define organizational Culture as ; The  values  and  behaviors  that  contribute  to the unique social and  psychological  environment  of an organization. Organizational culture is basically, the sum total of an  organizations  past and  current  assumptions,  experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner  workings, interactions with the outside world, and future  expectations. It is based on shared  attitudes,  beliefs,  customs, express or  implied contracts, and written and unwritten  rules  that the organization  develops  over time and that have  worked  well enough to be considered  valid. Also called  corporate culture, it  manifests  in (1) the ways the organization  conducts  its  business, treats its  employees,  customers, and the wider  community, (2) the extent to which  autonomy  and  freedom  is allowed in  decision making, developing  new  ideas, and personal expression, (3) how  power  and  information flow  through its  hierarchy, and (4) the  strength  of employee  commitment  towards collective  objectives. It is termed strong or weak to the extent it is diffused through the organization. According to the given case study we can say that Alakkaty Foundation was a company which fully operates on principles amp; morals. The culture of Alakkaty Foundation was more into developing people and let them feel the sense of belongings. Also the culture of Alakkaty was more employee oriented and it seems to be the Management Style of the chairperson is more towards the democratic leadership style. With that kind of background an organization can run on morals amp; principles. The followings are the principles practicing in Alakkaty Foundation. Virtue Because of the no bribes or incentives or any sort was offered to any one in any organization they can be achieved many goals: Their overheads were minimal †¢ With a reasonable profit margin †¢ The pricing became very competitive. †¢ They only use word of mouth as the only advertising method. Benevolence Most of the employees live in the shanties because they do not have proper houses to live. After the company realized their reality they built shelter for their employees. Because of the company decided to increase the health and safety rate in th e company the new chairman started building flats for his employees. It makes some advantages such as, †¢ A sense of belongings to the employees A feeling of protection †¢ It increases the loyalty of the employees towards the company. †¢ The investment is for the long term †¢ Human resource is the most valuable asset to the company so it is important to look after them in order to touch their hearts. †¢ It gives a sense of ethical responsibility about the company to the other customers. †¢ Most importantly the company fulfills a basic requirement of a human being. Responsibility The chairman of the companynever terminated any employee for whatever the reason in Alakkaty Foundation. Most of the employees are alcoholics, drug addicted, pimps, grumblers, crooks and the like. They counseled the employees who are in need even the family members. The Chairman always takes the responsibility of recruiting such people and he always guide them and advise them to be good people to the society. 2. According to the case study, I think the main challenge for the Chairman of Alakkaty Foundation is changing Attitude of people based on the principles of the Organization. Because as per the case study, it says that the recruited people are from different educational amp; Social environments. Most of them are labourers include alcoholics, drug addicts, pimps, gamblers, crooks and the like. It is difficult to Change the moral of the management as well as to make employees trust on the principles and moral. At this point, the principles of sensitivity and benevolence has encourage the organization to address those problems. It will help to enhance the effectiveness and the efficiency of the laburers as well as the management. When dealing with employees from different cultural backgrouds various kinds of grievences can be arised. Grievence may be real or imagine. It is essential that grievence is brought to light discuss and the matter resolve to the satisfaction of all concern. Faileur to do so will only result in the grievance becoming worse in source of conflicts and eventually ending in a far more serious problems. Political and legal environment of the country is a part of the main challenge that Chairman has to addressed. also the competitors would be a challenge , as the most competitors in construction industry will run with bribery and corruption. 3. Factor that are strengthing the organization are visible and some are invisible. t is your responsibility to understant those factors of the business and encourage your employees to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. It is good know such factors of the organization by its members, and the way how they are going to use such advantage of thoese strenghts to achieve the organizational objective. According to the case study, the main pillars of strengthening the AF are leadersh ip style, values, organizational culture and motivation practices. The leadership style of the management of the AF accomplish the oranizational objectives accordingly. Ledership style also affecting on employees job satisfaction. As in many organizations, AF also have it own values and principles which direct organization to be success. Those values and principles are refers to the ideas what a group believe right or wrong. Therefore Values and principles can consider as another pillar which drives organization to the success. AF has combined organizational culture. It has employees from different backgrounds and the way they behave in the organization different from one to another. So AF has to create it own culture, unless it is difficult to the deal with the problems that are arise due to the various circumstances. Also the dedication and the attitude of the employees are very stong of this Organizaition. As in the beginning it says that the most labourers are alcoholics, drug addidct and pimps amp; etc. In our society, those type of people are not treated well and hardly give chances to develop. But this AF has recognized their abilities and counsel them to understand their importance to the society and their value. That concept has boost their moral and motivation. As the organization has effective counselling programme, the employees get an vast opportunity to resolve their problems by analysing themselves. This will helps to create a self-disciplined culture and it reduced the gap between the employees and the Management. Not only that, but also it will enhance the relationship among the employees. 4. Eventhough the Organization can run on the principles and moral, I believe there should be a systematic way of managing with polocies and procedures. By analysing the case study, I think there should be some changes to be done in the following areas; * Recruitment Procedure As the Organization recruit people such as, alcoholics, Drug addicts and so on, I think there should be a effective screening and short listing procedure. Because, we should take the correct decesion at the first place. By introducing a system such as, to check the competency level of the employees and their willingness to work during the interview process it will help to maitain discipline of the organization as well as the quality of the work deliverd. Training and development It seems to be that there is no proper method of Training amp; development of employees. I strongly believe that well trained and efficient workforce is crucial for the further development of AF. Such as AF will always strive to attract and retain employees with the special attitude. After their engagement, the AF must provide them with oppertunities to advance skills and professional expertise while providing the counselling. Also , this should go with the new techniques that organization can use for there further development. Introducing general policy on personal conduct This is to maintain the high standrads of conduct and work performance to ensure the AF maintain its reputation with customers and suppliers. Because, the people who worked as laboures are basically, drug addicts and alcoholics. This involves all employees observing all policies and procedures, treating colleagues with curtesy and respect and treating customers in a accceptable manner. * Advertising At present, there is no proper advertising method for Alakkatyy Foundation as it is dine by word oof mouth. To be more recognized organization, I believed there should be a effective advertising method such as using news papers or mass media. References * http://www. business. gov. au/BusinessTopics/motivatinltheories/Pages/dfault. aspx (accessed on 28th August 2012) * Human Resource Management (2011), Snell, S. , Bohlander, G. , Vohra, V. ; 4th Edition, Cengage Lerning (pvt) ltd. India * Study Pack for CCHRM (2010), by IPM Sri Lanka * Lecture notes given by Institute of Personnel Management SL for Module 12(2012)